A hernia is a common condition that occurs when part of an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weakness in the muscle or connective tissue that normally holds it in place. In many cases, a hernia develops gradually and may first appear as a small lump or area of discomfort. Some people experience few symptoms at first, though for others it can become painful or start interfering with everyday activities.
Understanding the signs of a hernia and knowing when to seek medical advice can help people have earlier discussions with their GP. In cases where a referral is required to a Hernia Specialist, this can also reduce the risk of complications and support treatment options.
What Causes a Hernia?
A hernia usually develops where there is a natural weakness or strain in the abdominal wall. Pressure inside the abdomen can gradually push tissue through that weaker point.
Several things can increase the likelihood of a hernia developing, including:
- Heavy lifting
- Repeated coughing
- Chronic constipation
- Pregnancy
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Ageing, where muscle tissue naturally weakens over time
Some hernias develop suddenly, while others become noticeable over months or years.
Common Types of Hernia
There are several different types of hernia, depending on where they occur in the body.
Inguinal Hernia
An inguinal hernia is the most common type. It occurs in the groin when tissue pushes through a weak area in the lower abdominal wall. It is more common in men, although women can also develop inguinal hernias. You may notice:
- A bulge in the groin
- Discomfort when standing or lifting
- Heaviness or dragging sensation
Umbilical Hernia
An umbilical hernia develops near the belly button when tissue protrudes through the abdominal wall in that area. It can occur in adults as well as infants and may become more noticeable when coughing or straining.
Incisional Hernia
An incisional hernia can occur at the site of a previous surgical scar, where the abdominal wall has weakened following an operation. This type may develop months or even years after abdominal surgery.
Hiatus Hernia
A hiatus hernia is different because it occurs internally, when part of the stomach moves upward through the diaphragm into the chest. This may be associated with reflux symptoms rather than a visible lump.
Symptoms of a Hernia
The symptoms of a hernia vary depending on size, type and location, though common symptoms include:
- A visible lump or swelling
- Discomfort or pain when lifting, coughing or bending
- Pressure or heaviness
- Burning or aching sensation
Some hernias are painless, especially in early stages. Symptoms may become more noticeable after physical activity or prolonged standing.
When a Hernia Becomes More Urgent
A hernia should be assessed promptly if symptoms suddenly change.
Signs that need urgent medical attention include:
- Sudden severe pain
- Nausea or vomiting
- Redness over the lump
- Inability to push the lump back in
- Abdominal bloating
These symptoms may suggest the hernia has become trapped or strangulated, meaning blood supply to the tissue is affected. This requires urgent medical assessment.
Do All Hernias Need Surgery?
Not every hernia requires immediate surgery. Small hernias causing minimal symptoms may sometimes be monitored.
However, hernias do not usually repair themselves. Over time, they may enlarge or become more uncomfortable.
Surgical repair is often considered when:
- Discomfort affects daily activities
- The hernia is increasing in size
- There is concern about future complications
How Hernias Are Assessed
A GP can generally identify a hernia during a physical examination. In some cases, imaging such as ultrasound and referral to a specialist like Dr Puhalla may be arranged to confirm the diagnosis, assess more complex hernias and discuss treatment options.
A surgical consultation allows discussion about:
- The type of hernia
- If repair is recommended
- Suitable surgical options
- Timing of treatment
Hernia Surgery on the Gold Coast
Hernia repair is performed using minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic surgery, or keyhole surgery, depending on the type and size of the hernia.
Laparoscopic surgery uses small incisions and specialised instruments to repair the abdominal wall.
For some patients, especially with large hernias, open surgery is the most appropriate option.
The surgical technique that Dr Puhalla recommends will depend on your anatomy, medical history, and the type and size of the hernia being treated.
When to Speak With Your GP
If you notice a lump in the groin, abdomen or around a previous surgical scar, we encourage you to speak to your GP, particularly if your pain and discomfort is increasing.
If suitable, your GP will provide a referral to a surgeon that can help determine if monitoring or treatment is the most appropriate treatment path forward.
Gold Coast Hernia Assessment
Dr Harald Puhalla consults with patients experiencing hernia symptoms, abdominal wall concerns and post-surgical hernias on the Gold Coast.
A consultation includes assessment of symptoms, examination and discussion around treatment options suited to each patient.
References
Mayo Clinic. (2021). Inguinal hernia – Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/inguinal-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351547
Mayo Clinic. (2018). Umbilical hernia – Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/umbilical-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378685
Mayo Clinic. (2021). Hiatal hernia – Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiatal-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373379
Cleveland Clinic. (2023, September). Hernia Surgery. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/17967-hernia-repair-surgery
Queensland Government. (2023). Hernia repair. Clinical Prioritisation Criteria. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/cpc/general-surgery/hernia-repair
Dr Harald Puhalla (MED0000976858) MD FRACS is a Specialist Bariatric and General Surgeon. This article provides general information only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice. All surgery carries risks and individual results may vary. Healthcare decisions should always be made in consultation with a qualified medical professional.
